(1026) نظام التخطيط القومى الشامل (دراسه تحليليه لنظام التخطيط فى مصر) Comprehensive National Planning System (An Analytical Study of the Planning System in Egypt)
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معهد التخطيط القومي
Abstract
تتناول هذه المذكرة البحثية التي أعدها الدكتور عطية مهدي سليمان عام ١٩٧٢ نظام التخطيط القومي الشامل بوصفه أداة حيوية لإدارة وتنظيم الاقتصاد القومي، خاصة في الدول النامية التي تسعى للانتقال نحو الاشتراكية أو التطور غير الرأسمالي. تستعرض الدراسة الجوانب الفنية والاجتماعية والسياسية للتخطيط، مؤكدة أنه ليس مجرد تنبؤات بل خطة عمل إلزامية تهدف لتحقيق المواءمة بين الحاجات الاجتماعية والعملية الإنتاجية من خلال سلطة مركزية مسئولة، كما تفصل المذكرة الشروط الموضوعية اللازمة لنجاح هذا النظام، وأبرزها الملكية العامة لوسائل الإنتاج والرقابة المركزية، مع الدعوة إلى إحداث ثورة استهلاكية تغير أنماط الإنفاق الفردي نحو الاستهلاك الجماعي لتعظيم الاستفادة من الموارد المحدودة.
كما تقدم الدراسة رؤية نقدية لتجربة التخطيط في مصر، حيث ترصد غلبة النظرة الجزئية التي حولت الخطط القومية إلى مجرد برامج استثمارية أو تمويلية قصيرة الأجل تفتقر إلى استراتيجية بعيدة المدى تتجاوز العشرين عاماً. وتقترح المذكرة هيكلاً تنظيمياً متكاملاً يعتمد على إنشاء مجلس أعلى للتخطيط لتحديد الأهداف السياسية الكبرى، وتفعيل دور الموازين السلعية والمالية والبشرية لضمان تناسق القطاعات المختلفة، مع التشديد على ضرورة تبني نظام "التخطيط المتحرك" لضمان المرونة والاستمرارية، والاهتمام بالبعد المكاني والإقليمي لضمان توزيع عادل للنشاط الاقتصادي جغرافياً، مما يسهم في القضاء على التخلف الهيكلي ورفع مستوى معيشة المواطنين بشكل مستدام.
This research memorandum, prepared by Dr. Atiya Mahdi Soliman in 1972, examines the system of comprehensive national planning as a vital instrument for managing and organizing the national economy, particularly in developing countries seeking to transition toward socialism or a non-capitalist path of development. The study explores the technical, social, and political dimensions of planning, emphasizing that planning is not merely a process of forecasting but a binding framework for action designed to achieve harmony between social needs and productive activities through a responsible central authority. The memorandum further outlines the objective conditions required for the successful implementation of such a system, foremost among them public ownership of the means of production and centralized control. It also advocates a "consumption revolution" aimed at transforming individual consumption patterns toward greater collective consumption in order to maximize the efficient utilization of limited resources. The study also presents a critical assessment of Egypt's planning experience, arguing that the predominance of a fragmented approach reduced national plans to short-term investment and financing programs lacking a long-term strategic vision extending beyond twenty years. To address these shortcomings, the memorandum proposes an integrated institutional framework centered on the establishment of a Supreme Planning Council responsible for defining major national policy objectives. It further recommends strengthening the role of commodity, financial, and human resource balances to ensure consistency among the various sectors of the economy. Moreover, the study stresses the importance of adopting a system of "rolling planning" to enhance flexibility and continuity, while giving greater attention to the spatial and regional dimensions of development to ensure a more equitable geographical distribution of economic activities. Such an approach, it argues, would contribute to overcoming structural underdevelopment and achieving sustained improvements in citizens' standards of living
This research memorandum, prepared by Dr. Atiya Mahdi Soliman in 1972, examines the system of comprehensive national planning as a vital instrument for managing and organizing the national economy, particularly in developing countries seeking to transition toward socialism or a non-capitalist path of development. The study explores the technical, social, and political dimensions of planning, emphasizing that planning is not merely a process of forecasting but a binding framework for action designed to achieve harmony between social needs and productive activities through a responsible central authority. The memorandum further outlines the objective conditions required for the successful implementation of such a system, foremost among them public ownership of the means of production and centralized control. It also advocates a "consumption revolution" aimed at transforming individual consumption patterns toward greater collective consumption in order to maximize the efficient utilization of limited resources. The study also presents a critical assessment of Egypt's planning experience, arguing that the predominance of a fragmented approach reduced national plans to short-term investment and financing programs lacking a long-term strategic vision extending beyond twenty years. To address these shortcomings, the memorandum proposes an integrated institutional framework centered on the establishment of a Supreme Planning Council responsible for defining major national policy objectives. It further recommends strengthening the role of commodity, financial, and human resource balances to ensure consistency among the various sectors of the economy. Moreover, the study stresses the importance of adopting a system of "rolling planning" to enhance flexibility and continuity, while giving greater attention to the spatial and regional dimensions of development to ensure a more equitable geographical distribution of economic activities. Such an approach, it argues, would contribute to overcoming structural underdevelopment and achieving sustained improvements in citizens' standards of living
