أولويات زراعة المحاصيل المستهلكة للمياه وسياسات وأدوات تنفيذها

Abstract

تعد المياه من الموارد المحدودة فى مصر، ومن ثم يبدو تناقض المعروض منها فى المستقبل القريب من الأمور المتوقعة أمام زيادة الطلب على المياه لأغراض الشرب والصناعة، فى نفس الوقت الذى تتواجد فيه برامج ومشروعات استصلاح الأراضي الجديدة بغرض زيادة المساحات المنزرعة ومن ثم الحاجة إلى كميات إضافية من مياة الرى وهو ما يفرض بالتبعية ضرورة البحث فى ترشيد استخدامات المياه فى الزراعة.

Water supply seems to decrease in the near future, because of increasing demand for requirements of drinking and manufacturing, meanwhile, Egypt has its programs for new land reclamation. This means, the need for additional amount of water for irrigation. For this purpose, distribution of water among different crops must be looked for. This study aims to identify priorities of crop production according to used water productivity from the national point of view. Appropriate policies and tools to harmonize producers and national priorities have to be proposed. The study contains description pattern, water resources and uses and irrigation water productivity, describes factors affecting producer priorities for crop production, analyses the recent situation of exporting and importing agricultural products, identifiesnational priorities for crop production on the base of the world market risks, economic and food security criteria, and presents conflict between producers and national priorities and the expected water save with redistribution of water used according to national priorities.