دراسة اقتصادية لزراعة الأنسجة النباتية في جمهورية مصر العربية /Economic Study of Tissue-Culture in The Arab Republic of EGYPT
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معهد التخطيط القومى
Abstract
هدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم اقتصاديات زراعة الأنسجة النباتية، وتقييم اقتصادي لمشروع إنشاء معمل زراعة الأنسجة النباتية في الوقت الراهن، ومعرفة أسباب عزوف بعض المستثمرين عن مواصلة استثماراتهم، أو خفض إنتاجهم، والمجالات المختلفة لهذه التقنية، وإجراء دراسة مقارنة بين ناتج المحصول المنتج بزراعة الأنسجة ومثيله المنتج بالزراعات التقليدية، والتعرف على دور الزراعات النسيجية اقتصاديًا وبيئًا وزراعيًا، والتحديات التي تجابه هذه التقنية، لذلك تطرقت الدراسة إلى معرفة المساهمات التي سبقت هذه الدراسة والدراسات المعنية باقتصاديات الإنتاج الزراعي والزراعات النسيجية، والأبحاث المتعلقة بإنتاج النباتات النسيجية واهميتها اقتصاديًا وبيئيًا من جهة، ومجالات استخدامات هذه التقنية المختلفة، وسرد لتجارب فعلية، واعداد استبيان خاص بموضوع الدراسة الخاص بمعامل زراعة الأنسجة، ومحصولي الموز والفراولة.
وقد تم استخدام منهجيات متعددة للدراسة: المنهج الوصفي للمرجعيات والأدبيات المختلفة، والمنهج الاستنباطي في تحليل البيانات الإحصائية واستخلاص النتائج، من خلال عرض التجارب المتعلقة بزراعة الأنسجة اقتصاديًا وتقنيًا. وتم إعداد استبيان مناسب للدراسة الحالية، واجراء المقابلات مع المنتفعين من المزارعين والمنتجين الذين استخدموا تقنية زراعة الأنسجة كتقاوي، واستعراض التكاليف والعوائد المتحصل عليها.
وقد انتهت الدراسة إلى أهمية استخدام التقنيات الحديثة وبخاصة زراعة تقاوي النباتات الناتجة من الزراعة النسيجية، وذلك لارتفاع كلًا من متوسط ربحية الجنيه للفدان والعائد المتوسط على الجنيه للفدان ومتوسط معدل الربح للفدان في محصول الموز النسيجي بالمقارنة مع محصول الموز التقليدي، وفي محصول الفراولة النسيجي ارتفع متوسط ربحية الجنيه للفدان والعائد المتوسط على الجنيه للفدان ومتوسط معدل الربح للفدان، وكانت ربحية الجنيه والعائد المتوسط على الجنيه ومتوسط معدل الربح لمشاريع معامل الأنسجة مجزيًا ومشجعًا لمزيد من الاستثمارات.
ويوصى الباحث بوضع خطة وبرنامج دعم الاستثمارات القائمة وتحفيز الاستثمارات الجديدة، وتشجيع كافة المستثمرين لترخيص المعامل وزيادة المعروض من التقاوي المنتجة بتقنية زراعة الأنسجة النباتية من البطاطس والفراولة والنخيل والموز وغيرها، وذلك للتقليل استيراد مثيلتها من الخارج، وتوفير عمله صعبة وتصدير الفائض بما يتوافق مع اتجاهات الدولة. مع الاستفادة بمجالاتها العلمية والتطبيقية المتطورة والتي تساهم في حل مشكلة الطلب على الغذاء، وتشجيع المزارعين لاستخدام التقنيات الحديثة من التقاوي النسيجية.
الكلمات الدالة: زراعة الأنسجة النباتية – اقتصاديات – الموز – الفراولة
The study aimed to evaluate the economics of plant tissue culture, and an economic evaluation of the plant tissue culture laboratory project at the present time, and to know the reasons for some investors' reluctance to continue their investments, or reduce their production, and the different areas of this technology, and to conduct a comparative study between the yield of the crop produced by tissue culture and its counterpart produced by traditional agriculture, and to identify the role of tissue cultures economically, environmentally and agriculturally, and the challenges they face. The study addressed the contributions that preceded this study and the studies concerned with the economics of agricultural production and tissue cultures, and research related to the production of tissue plants and their economic and environmental importance on the one hand, and the different areas of use of this technology, and a narration of actual experiences, and the preparation of a questionnaire specific to the study topic related to tissue culture laboratories, and banana and strawberry crops. Multiple methodologies were used for the study: the descriptive approach of various references and literature, and the deductive approach in analyzing statistical data and extracting results, by presenting experiences related to tissue culture economically and technically. A questionnaire was prepared for the current study, and interviews were conducted with beneficiaries from farmers and producers who used tissue culture technology as seeds, and the costs and returns obtained were reviewed. The study concluded that it is important to use modern technologies, especially the cultivation of seedlings resulting from plant tissue culture, due to the increase in both the average profitability per acre, the average return per acre, and the average profit rate per acre in the tissue banana crop compared to the traditional banana crop. In the tissue strawberry crop, the average profit per acre, the average return per acre, and the average profit rate per acre increased, and the profitability, average return, and average profit rate for tissue lab projects were rewarding and encouraging for further investments. The researcher recommends developing a plan and program to support existing investments and stimulate new investments, and encouraging all investors to license laboratories and increase the supply of seeds produced using the tissue culture technology of potatoes, strawberries, palm trees, bananas, and others, in order to reduce the import of similar seeds from abroad, provide hard currency, and export the surplus in line with the state's directions. Taking advantage of its advanced scientific and applied fields that contribute to solving the problem of food demand, and encouraging farmers to use modern techniques of tissue culture seeds. Keywords: Plant tissue culture - Economics - Banana - Strawberry.
The study aimed to evaluate the economics of plant tissue culture, and an economic evaluation of the plant tissue culture laboratory project at the present time, and to know the reasons for some investors' reluctance to continue their investments, or reduce their production, and the different areas of this technology, and to conduct a comparative study between the yield of the crop produced by tissue culture and its counterpart produced by traditional agriculture, and to identify the role of tissue cultures economically, environmentally and agriculturally, and the challenges they face. The study addressed the contributions that preceded this study and the studies concerned with the economics of agricultural production and tissue cultures, and research related to the production of tissue plants and their economic and environmental importance on the one hand, and the different areas of use of this technology, and a narration of actual experiences, and the preparation of a questionnaire specific to the study topic related to tissue culture laboratories, and banana and strawberry crops. Multiple methodologies were used for the study: the descriptive approach of various references and literature, and the deductive approach in analyzing statistical data and extracting results, by presenting experiences related to tissue culture economically and technically. A questionnaire was prepared for the current study, and interviews were conducted with beneficiaries from farmers and producers who used tissue culture technology as seeds, and the costs and returns obtained were reviewed. The study concluded that it is important to use modern technologies, especially the cultivation of seedlings resulting from plant tissue culture, due to the increase in both the average profitability per acre, the average return per acre, and the average profit rate per acre in the tissue banana crop compared to the traditional banana crop. In the tissue strawberry crop, the average profit per acre, the average return per acre, and the average profit rate per acre increased, and the profitability, average return, and average profit rate for tissue lab projects were rewarding and encouraging for further investments. The researcher recommends developing a plan and program to support existing investments and stimulate new investments, and encouraging all investors to license laboratories and increase the supply of seeds produced using the tissue culture technology of potatoes, strawberries, palm trees, bananas, and others, in order to reduce the import of similar seeds from abroad, provide hard currency, and export the surplus in line with the state's directions. Taking advantage of its advanced scientific and applied fields that contribute to solving the problem of food demand, and encouraging farmers to use modern techniques of tissue culture seeds. Keywords: Plant tissue culture - Economics - Banana - Strawberry.